· Linear Formula (C6H5CO)2O2
· Molecular Weight 242.23
· Beilstein Registry Number 984320
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a medication and industrial chemical.[1] As a medication it is used to treat mild to moderate acne. For more severe cases it may be used together with other treatments.[2] Some versions come mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.[3] Other uses include bleaching flour, hair bleaching, teeth whitening, and textile bleaching.[4][5][6] It is also used in the plastic industry.
Detailed description
Uses
Most benzoyl peroxide is used as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.[10] Other major applications include its antiseptic and bleaching properties.
Acne treatment
Benzoyl peroxide is effective for reducing the number and severity of acne lesions. BPO has a bactericidal effect on Propionibacterium acnes bacteria associated with acne and does not induce antibiotic resistance.[11][12] It may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid). Two common combination drugs include benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides. Combination products such as benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.[12]
Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.[11] No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.[11]
Benzoyl peroxide commonly causes initial dryness and sometimes irritation, although the skin develops tolerance after a week or so. A small percentage of people are much more sensitive to it and liable to suffer burning, itching, crusting, and possibly swelling.[13] It is sensible to apply the lowest concentration and build up as appropriate. Once tolerance is achieved, increasing the quantity or concentration and gaining tolerance at a higher level may give better subsequent acne clearance.[14] Irritation can also be reduced by avoiding harsh facial cleansers and wearing sunscreen prior to sun exposure.[14]
Other uses
Other common uses for benzoyl peroxide include
· As a convient oxidant in organic chemistry
· An initiator and catalyst for polyester thermoset resins, as an alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.[citation needed]
· A hardener in order to start the polymerization process in resins. For instance, PMMA resins can be polymerized with benzoyl peroxide.[15]
In the U.S., the typical concentration for benzoyl peroxide is 2.5% to 10% for both prescription and over-the-counter drug preparations that are used in treatment for acne. Higher concentrations are used for hair bleach and teeth whitening. Benzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent. Contact with fabrics or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately. Even secondary contact can cause bleaching; for example, contact with a towel that has been used to wash off benzoyl peroxide-containing hygiene products.
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