BETAINE[(CH3)3N+CH2COO- ]

·         CAS Number 107-43-7

·         Linear Formula (CH₃)₃N⁺CH₂COO^-

·         Molecular Weight 117.15

·          Beilstein Registry Number 3537113

·          EC Number 203-490-6

·          MDL number MFCD00012123

·          PubChem Substance ID 24891663

A betaine  in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions) which bears no hydrogen atom and with a negatively charged functional group such as a carboxylate group which may not be adjacent to the cationic site.

Detailed description

A betaine thus may be a specific type of zwitterion. Historically the term was reserved for TMG (trimethylglycine) only. Biologically, betaine is involved in methylation reactions and detoxification of homocysteine.

The pronunciation of the compound reflects its origin and first isolation from sugar beets (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and does not derive from the Greek letter beta (β). However, it is often pronounced beta-INE or even BEE-tayn.^[1]

In biological systems, many naturally occurring betaines serve as organic osmolytes, substances synthesized or taken up from the environment by cells for protection against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity or high temperature. Intracellular accumulation of betaines, non-perturbing to enzyme function, protein structure and membrane integrity, permits water retention in cells, thus protecting from the effects of dehydration. It is also a methyl donor of increasingly recognised significance in biology.

Commercial uses

Phosphonium betaines are intermediates in the Wittig reaction.

The addition of betaine to polymerase chain reactions improves the amplification of DNA by reducing the formation of secondary structure in GC-rich regions. The addition of betaine has been reported to enhance the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction by eliminating the base pair composition dependence of DNA melting.

PRICE

$230/KG OR $104.54/IB

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