for
microscopy
·
CAS Number 12240-15-2
·
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation) C6Fe2KN6 ·
xH2O
·
Molecular Weight 306.89 (anhydrous
basis)
·
MDL number MFCD00135664
·
PubChem Substance ID 329747831
Properties
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Related Categories
|
|
|
grade
|
for microscopy
|
|
InChI Key
|
ZJSIHHBKYVAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment with the idealized chemical
formula Fe
7(CN)18. To better understand the binding situation in this complex compound the formula can also be written as Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 · xH
2O. Another name for the color is Berlin blue or, in painting, Parisian or Paris blue. Turnbull's blue is the same substance, but is made from different reagents, and its slightly different color stems from different impurities.
7(CN)18. To better understand the binding situation in this complex compound the formula can also be written as Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 · xH
2O. Another name for the color is Berlin blue or, in painting, Parisian or Paris blue. Turnbull's blue is the same substance, but is made from different reagents, and its slightly different color stems from different impurities.
Detailed description
Prussian blue was the first modern synthetic
pigment. It is employed as a very fine colloidal dispersion, as the compound itself is not soluble in water. It is famously
complex,[1] owing
to the presence of variable amounts of other ions and the sensitive dependence of
its appearance on the size of the colloidal particles formed when it is made.
The pigment is used in paints, and it is the traditional "blue" in blueprints.
In medicine,
Prussian blue is used as an antidote for certain kinds of heavy metal poisoning, e.g., by thallium and radioactive
isotopes of caesium. In particular it was used to absorb 137
Cs+
from those poisoned in the Goiânia accident.[1] Prussian blue is orally administered. The therapy exploits Prussian blue's ion exchange properties and high affinity for certain "soft" metal cations.
Cs+
from those poisoned in the Goiânia accident.[1] Prussian blue is orally administered. The therapy exploits Prussian blue's ion exchange properties and high affinity for certain "soft" metal cations.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[2] Prussian blue lent
its name to prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide), which was derived
from it. In Germany, hydrogen cyanide is called Blausäure ("blue acid"), and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac gave cyanide its name, from the
Greek word κυανός (kyanos, "blue"), because of the color of
Prussian blue.
Uses
Pigment
Because it is easily made, cheap, nontoxic, and
intensely colored, Prussian blue has attracted many applications. It was
adopted as a pigment very soon after its invention and was almost immediately
widely used in oil, watercolor, and dyeing.[3] The dominant uses
are for pigments: about 12,000 tonnes of Prussian blue are produced annually
for use in black and bluish inks. A variety of other pigments also contain the material.[4] Engineer's blue and the pigment
formed on cyanotypes—giving them their
common name blueprints. Certain crayons were once colored
with Prussian blue (later relabeled midnight blue). It is also a popular
pigment in paints. Similarly, Prussian blue is the basis for laundry bluing.
Medicine
Prussian blue's ability to incorporate monocations
makes it useful as a sequestering agent for certain heavy metal poisons.
Pharmaceutical-grade Prussian blue in particular is used for people who have
ingested thallium or radioactive caesium. According to the International Atomic
Energy Agency, an adult male can eat at least 10 g of
Prussian blue per day without serious harm. The U.S. Food and Drug
Administration has determined the
"500-mg Prussian blue capsules, when manufactured under the conditions of
an approved New Drug Application, can be found safe and effective therapy"
in certain poisoning cases.[5] Radiogardase
(Prussian blue in soluble capsules [6]) is a commercial
product for the removal of caesium-137 from the intestine,
so indirectly from the bloodstream by intervening in the enterohepatic
circulation of caesium-137,[7] reducing the
internal residency time (and exposure) by about two-thirds.
Stain for iron
Prussian blue is a common histopathology stain used by pathologists to detect the
presence of iron in biopsy specimens, such as in bone marrow samples. The
original stain formula, known historically (1867) as "Perls' Prussian blue"
after its inventor, German pathologist Max Perls (1843–1881), used separate
solutions of potassium ferrocyanide and acid to stain tissue (these are now
used combined, just before staining). Iron deposits in tissue then form the
purple Prussian blue dye in place, and are visualized as blue or purple
deposits.[8] The formula is also
known as Perls Prussian blue and (incorrectly) as Perl's Prussian blue.
By machinists and toolmakers
Engineer's blue,
Prussian blue in an oily base, is the traditional material used for spotting
metal surfaces such as surface plates and bearings for hand scraping. A thin
layer of nondrying paste is applied to a reference surface and transfers to the
high spots of the workpiece. The toolmaker then scrapes, stones, or otherwise
removes the marked high spots. Prussian blue is preferable because it will not
abrade the extremely precise reference surfaces as many ground pigments may.
Analytical chemistry
Prussian blue is formed in the Prussian blue assay
for total phenols. Samples and
phenolic standards are given acidic ferric chloride and ferricyanide,
which is reduced to ferrocyanide by the phenols. The ferric chloride and
ferrocyanide react to form Prussian blue. Comparing the absorbance at
700 nm of the samples to the standards allows for the determination of
total phenols or polyphenols.
Adverse effects
Despite the fact that it is prepared from cyanide
salts, Prussian blue is not toxic because the cyanide groups are tightly bound
to iron. Other polymeric cyanometalates are similarly stable with low toxicity.
PRICE
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