HYDROGEN BROMIDE[HBr]

·         CAS Number 10035-10-6

·         Linear Formula HBr

·         Molecular Weight 80.91

·          Beilstein Registry Number 3587158

·          EC Number 233-113-0

·          MDL number MFCD00011323

·          PubChem Substance ID 24857782

Hydrogen bromide is the diatomic molecule with the formula HBr. It is a colorless compound and a hydrogen halide. Hydrobromic acidis a solution of HBr in water. Both the anhydrous and aqueous solutions of HBr are common reagents in the preparation of bromide compounds.

Detailed description

HBr is very soluble in water, forming hydrobromic acid solution, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by weight form a constant-boiling azeotrope mixture that boils at 124.3 °C. Boiling less concentrated solutions releases H₂O until the constant boiling mixture composition is reached.

Uses of HBr

Hydrogen bromide and hydrobromic acid are important reagents in the production of inorganic and organic bromine compounds.^[8] The free-radical addition of HBr to alkenes gives alkyl bromides:

RCH=CH₂ + HBr → R-CHBr–CH₃

These alkylating agents are precursors to fatty amine derivatives. Similar free radical addition to allyl chloride and styrene gives 1-bromo-3-chloropropane and phenylethylbromide, respectively.

Hydrogen bromide reacts with dichloromethane to give bromochloromethane and dibromomethane, sequentially:

HBr + CH₂Cl₂ → HCl + CH₂BrCl

HBr + CH₂BrCl → HCl + CH₂Br₂

Allyl bromide is prepared by treating allyl alcohol with HBr:

CH₂=CHCH₂OH + HBr → CH₂=CHCH₂Br + H₂O

Other reactions

Although not widely used industrially, HBr adds to alkenes to give bromoalkanes, an important family of organobromine compounds. Similarly, HBr adds to haloalkene to form a geminal dihaloalkane. (This type of addition follows Markovnikov's rule):

RC(Br)=CH₂ + HBr → RC(Br₂)–CH₃

HBr also adds to alkynes to yield bromoalkenes. The stereochemistry of this type of addition is usually anti:

RC≡CH + HBr → RC(Br)=CH₂

Also, HBr is used to open epoxides and lactones and in the synthesis of bromoacetals. Additionally, HBr catalyzes many organic reactions.

Potential applications

HBr has been proposed for use in a utility-scale flow-type battery.

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