·
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation) H2S
·
Molecular Weight 34.08
·
Beilstein Registry Number 3535004
Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical
compound with
the formula H2S. It is a
colorless gas with the
characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. It is very
poisonous, corrosive, and flammable.
Detailed description
Hydrogen sulfide often
results from the microbial breakdown
of organic matter in
the absence of oxygen gas, such as
in swamps and sewers; this process is commonly known
as anaerobic digestion. H
2S also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas, and in some sources of well water. The human body produces small amounts of H
2S and uses it as a signaling molecule.
2S also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas, and in some sources of well water. The human body produces small amounts of H
2S and uses it as a signaling molecule.
The British English spelling of
this compound is hydrogen sulphide, but this spelling is not
recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry or the Royal Society of
Chemistry.
Uses
Production of sulfur, thioorganic compounds, and
alkali metal sulfides
The main use of hydrogen sulfide is as a precursor
to elemental sulfur. Several organosulfur
compounds are produced using hydrogen sulfide. These
include methanethiol, ethanethiol, and thioglycolic acid.[13]
Upon combining with alkali metal bases,
hydrogen sulfide converts to alkali hydrosulfides such as sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide:
H2S
+ NaOH → NaSH + H2O
NaHS
+ NaOH → Na2S + H2O
These compounds are used in the paper making. Specifically,
salts of SH− break bonds between lignin and cellulose
components of pulp in the Kraft process.[13]
Analytical chemistry
For well over a
century, hydrogen sulfide was important in analytical chemistry, in the qualitative
inorganic analysis of metal ions. In these analyses, heavy metal
(and nonmetal) ions (e.g.,
Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), As(III)) are precipitated from solution upon exposure
to H
2S. The components of the resulting precipitate redissolve with some selectivity, and are thus identified.
2S. The components of the resulting precipitate redissolve with some selectivity, and are thus identified.
Precursor to metal sulfides
As indicated above, many metal ions react with
hydrogen sulfide to give the corresponding metal sulfides. This conversion is
widely exploited. For example, gases or waters contaminated by hydrogen sulfide
can be cleaned with metal sulfides. In the purification of metal ores by flotation, mineral powders
are often treated with hydrogen sulfide to enhance the separation. Metal parts are
sometimes passivated with hydrogen sulfide. Catalysts used in hydrodesulfurization are
routinely activated with hydrogen sulfide, and the behavior of metallic catalysts
used in other parts of a refinery is also
modified using hydrogen sulfide.
Miscellaneous applications
Hydrogen sulfide is used to separate deuterium
oxide, or heavy water, from normal water
via the Girdler sulfide process.
Scientists from the University of Exeter discovered that cell exposure to small amounts of hydrogen
sulfide gas can prevent mitochondrial damage. When
the cell is stressed with disease, enzymes are drawn into the cell to produce
small amounts of hydrogen sulfide. This study could have further implications
on preventing strokes, heart disease
and arthritis.[19]
Hydrogen sulfide may have anti-aging properties by
blocking destructive chemicals within the cell, bearing similar properties
to resveratrol, an antioxidant found in red wine.
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