·
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation) Fe2O3
·
Molecular Weight 159.69
Iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide is
the inorganic compound with the formula Fe2O3.
It is one of the three main oxides of iron, the other two being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which
is rare, and iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), which also
occurs naturally as the mineral magnetite.
Detailed description
As
the mineral known as hematite,
Fe2O3 is the main source of iron for the steel
industry. Fe2O3 is ferromagnetic, dark red, and readily attacked by acids. Iron(III) oxide is
often called rust, and to some extent this label is useful,
because rust shares several properties and has a similar composition. To a
chemist, rust is considered an ill-defined material, described as hydrated ferric
oxide.
Uses
Iron industry
The overwhelming application of iron(III) oxide is
as the feedstock of the steel and iron industries, e.g. the production of iron,
steel, and many alloys.[13]
Polishing
A very fine powder of ferric oxide is known as "jeweler's
rouge", "red rouge", or simply rouge. It is used to put the
final polish on metallic jewelry and lenses, and historically as a cosmetic. Rouge cuts more
slowly than some modern polishes, such as cerium(IV) oxide, but is still used
in optics fabrication and by jewelers for the superior finish it can produce.
When polishing gold, the rouge slightly stains the gold, which contributes to
the appearance of the finished piece. Rouge is sold as a powder, paste, laced
on polishing cloths, or solid bar (with a wax or grease binder). Other polishing compounds are also
often called "rouge", even when they do not contain iron oxide.
Jewelers remove the residual rouge on jewelry by use of ultrasonic cleaning. Products sold as "stropping compound"
are often applied to a leather strop to assist in
getting a razor edge on knives, straight razors, or any other edged tool.
Pigment
Iron(III) oxide is also used as a pigment, under names
"Pigment Brown 6", "Pigment Brown 7", and "Pigment Red
101".[14] Some of them,
e.g. Pigment Red 101 and Pigment Brown 6, are Food and Drug
Administration (FDA)-approved for use in cosmetics. Iron
oxides are used as pigments in dental composites alongside titanium oxides.[15]
Hematite is the characteristic component of the
Swedish paint color Falu red.
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