·
Linear Formula Hg(NO3)2 ·
H2O
·
Molecular Weight 342.62
Mercury(II) nitrate is a toxic colorless or white soluble crystalline mercury(II) salt of nitric acid. It was also
used to treat fur to make felt in a process called 'carroting'. The phrase 'mad as a hatter' is associated
with psychological illness brought on by excessive exposure to mercury(II)
nitrate.
Detailed description
The practice continued in the United States
until it was banned in December 1941 by the United States Public Health Service. Although this
sounds beneficial to health, the ban actually freed mercury(II)nitrate to be
used in the manufacture of detonators in the then ongoing war.
Uses
Mercuric nitrate is used in mercuration reactions.
In particular, it is used in reactions involving ketones. One of the chemicals
which it is most effective with is acetone. This reaction uses mercuric
nitrate, mercuric oxide, and calcium sulfate to change acetone, which is CH3C(O)CH3,
into CH3C(O)CH2HgI. Acetone is a compound for which most
other methods of mercuration prove ineffective.[2] The mercuric nitrate
compound works because it is a strong oxidizing agent.[3] In addition, when
mercury is dissolved in nitric acid the acid form of mercuric nitrate is
formed.[4] The acidic form is
capable of inverting molecules of sucrose.[5]
Health Information
Mercury nitrate tends to impact the body as Hg2+,
which is considered a form of inorganic mercury. Forms of inorganic mercury can
be found in various contexts including in skin lightening cream. If the
inorganic mercury is ingested it can change the structure of important proteins
within the body. If it gets into the soil it can then be absorbed and remain to
be taken up by plants.[6] Those suffering from
poisoning tend to experience vomiting and diarrhea as their earliest symptoms.[3]
Reactivity
Although mercuric nitrate is not flammable it can
speed up flames since it acts as an oxidizer. In addition, it can form
explosive compounds when combined with alcohols.
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