ACS reagent, 70%
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CAS Number 7697-37-2
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Empirical Formula (Hill Notation) HNO3
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Molecular Weight 63.01
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EC Number 231-714-2
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MDL number MFCD00011349
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PubChem Substance ID 329756406
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eCl@ss 38060304
Properties
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Related Categories
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ACS
Grade Acids & Bases, Acids, Acids
& Bases,Analytical
Reagents, Analytical
Reagents for General Use,
More...
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grade
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ACS reagent
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vapor pressure
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8 mmHg ( 20 °C)
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InChI Key
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GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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assay
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68.0-70.0% (ACS
specification)
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70%
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ign. residue
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≤5 ppm
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color
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APHA: ≤10
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Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua
fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid.
The pure compound is colorless, but older samples
tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water.
Detailed description
Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of
68% in water. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is
referred to as fuming nitric
acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming
nitric acid is further characterized as white fuming nitric
acid or red fuming nitric acid, at concentrations above 95%.
Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration – the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. While some
resulting nitro compounds are shock- and
thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable
enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more
stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Nitric acid is also commonly used
as a strong oxidizing agent.
Uses
The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the
production of fertilizers. Nitric acid is
neutralized with ammonia to give ammonium nitrate. This application
consumes 75–80% of the 26M tons produced annually (1987). The other main
applications are for the production of explosives, nylon precursors, and
specialty organic compounds.[14]
Precursor to organic nitrogen compounds
See also: nitration
In organic synthesis, industrial and
otherwise, the nitro group is a versatile functional group. Most derivatives
of aniline are prepared via
nitration of aromatic compounds followed by
reduction. Nitrations entail combining nitric and sulfuric acids to generate
the nitronium ion, which electrophilically reacts
with aromatic compounds such as benzene. Many explosives,
such as TNT, are prepared this way.
Use as an oxidant
The precursor to nylon, adipic acid, is produced on a large scale by
oxidation of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol with
nitric acid.[14]
Rocket propellant
Nitric acid has been used in various forms as the oxidizer in liquid-fueled rockets. These forms include red fuming nitric acid, white fuming
nitric acid, mixtures with sulfuric acid, and these forms with HF inhibitor.[15] IRFNA (inhibited red fuming nitric acid) was one of 3 liquid fuel components for the BOMARC missile.[16]
Niche uses
Analytical reagent
In elemental analysis by ICP-MS, ICP-AES, GFAA, and Flame
AA, dilute nitric acid (0.5 to 5.0%) is used as a matrix compound for
determining metal traces in solutions.[17]Ultrapure trace
metal grade acid is required for such determination, because small amounts of
metal ions could affect the result of the analysis.
It is also typically
used in the digestion process of turbid water samples, sludge samples, solid
samples as well as other types of unique samples which require elemental
analysis via ICP-MS, ICP-OES, ICP-AES, GFAA and flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy. Typically these digestions use a 50% solution of
the purchased HNO
3 mixed with Type 1 DI Water.[18]
3 mixed with Type 1 DI Water.[18]
In electrochemistry, nitric acid is
used as a chemical doping agent for organic semiconductors, and in
purification processes for raw carbon nanotubes.
Woodworking
In a low concentration (approximately 10%), nitric
acid is often used to artificially age pine and maple. The color produced is a grey-gold very much like very old wax
or oil finished wood (wood finishing).[19]
Etchant and cleaning agent
The corrosive effects of nitric acid are exploited
for a number of specialty applications, such as pickling stainless steel or cleaning silicon
wafers in electronics.[20]
A solution of nitric acid, water and alcohol, Nital,
is used for etching of metals to reveal the microstructure. ISO 14104 is one of
the standards detailing this well known procedure.
Commercially available aqueous blends of 5–30%
nitric acid and 15–40% phosphoric acid are commonly used
for cleaning food and dairy equipment primarily to remove precipitated calcium
and magnesium compounds (either deposited from the process stream or resulting
from the use of hard water during production and cleaning). The phosphoric acid
content helps to passivate ferrous alloys against corrosion by
the dilute nitric acid.[citation needed]
Nitric acid can be used as a spot test for alkaloids like LSD, giving a variety of colours depending on the alkaloid.[21]
Safety
Nitric acid is a corrosive acid and a powerful oxidizing agent. The major hazard
posed by it is chemical burns as it carries out acid hydrolysis with proteins (amide) and fats (ester) which consequently
decomposes living tissue (e.g. skin and flesh). Concentrated nitric acid stains human skin yellow due to its
reaction with the keratin. These yellow
stains turn orange when neutralized.[22] Systemic effects are
unlikely, however, and the substance is not considered a carcinogen or mutagen.[23]
The standard first aid treatment for acid spills on
the skin is, as for other corrosive agents, irrigation with large quantities of
water. Washing is continued for at least ten to fifteen minutes to cool the
tissue surrounding the acid burn and to prevent secondary damage. Contaminated
clothing is removed immediately and the underlying skin washed thoroughly.
Being a strong oxidizing agent, reactions of nitric
acid with compounds such as cyanides, carbides, metallic powders
can be explosive and those with many organic compounds, such as turpentine, are violent and hypergolic (i.e.
self-igniting). Hence, it should be stored away from bases and organics.
Packaging
100 mL in glass bottle
2.2 L in poly bottle
2.5, 6×2.5 L in
PVC-coated bottle
500, 6×500 mL in
PVC-coated bottle
PRICE$653.92/KG OR $297.23/IB
For more information:
mobile: +2348039721941
contact person: emeaba uche
e-mail: emeabau@yahoo.com
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