anhydrous,
99.8%
·
Linear Formula C6H5CH3
·
Molecular Weight 92.14
·
Beilstein Registry Number 635760
·
eCl@ss 39011102
Properties
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Related Categories
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More...
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grade
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anhydrous
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vapor density
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3.2 (vs air)
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vapor pressure
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22 mmHg ( 20 °C)
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|
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26 mmHg ( 25 °C)
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InChI Key
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YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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assay
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99.8%
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form
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liquid
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Toluene also known as toluol is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated
with paint
thinners. It is a
mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a CH3 group attached to a phenyl group. As such, its
IUPAC systematic name is methylbenzene.
It is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
Detailed description
Toluene is widely used as an industrial feedstock and a solvent.[6] In 2013, worldwide
sales of toluene amounted to about 24.5 billion US-dollars.[7]
As the solvent in some types of paint thinner, contact cement and model airplane
glue, toluene is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant[8] and has the
potential of causing severe neurological harm.
Production
Toluene occurs naturally at low levels in crude oil
and is a byproduct in the production of gasoline by a catalytic reformer or ethylenecracker; It is also a
byproduct of the production of coke from coal. Final separation and purification is done by any of the distillation or solvent extraction processes used for BTX aromatics (benzene,
toluene, and xylene isomers).
Laboratory preparation
Toluene is so inexpensively produced industrially
that it is not prepared in the laboratory. In principle it could be prepared by
a variety of methods. For example, although only of didactical interest,
benzene reacts with methyl chloride in presence of a Lewis acid such as aluminium
chloride to give toluene:
C6H5H
+ CH3Cl → C6H5CH3 + HCl
Such reactions are complicated by polymethylation
because toluene is more susceptible to alkylation than is benzene.
Uses
C6H5CH3 + H2 → C6H6 + CH4
The second ranked application involves its disproportionation to a mixture of
benzene and xylene. When oxidized it yields benzaldehyde and benzoic
acid, two important intermediates in chemistry.[20]
Precursor to other chemicals
In addition to the synthesis of benzene and xylene,
toluene is a feedstock for toluene diisocyanate (used in the
manufacture of polyurethane foam), trinitrotoluene (the explosive,
TNT), and a number of synthetic drugs.
Solvent
Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants,[21] many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and disinfectants.
Fuel
Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels for internal combustion
engines. Toluene at 86% by volume fueled all the turbo Formula One teams in the 1980s,
first pioneered by the Honda team. The remaining
14% was a "filler" of n-heptane, to reduce the octane to meet Formula One
fuel restrictions. Toluene at 100% can be used as a fuel for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines; however, due to the density of the fuel and
other factors, the fuel does not vaporize easily unless preheated to 70 °C
(158 °F). Honda solved this problem in their Formula One cars by routing
the fuel lines through the exhaust system to heat the fuel.
In Australia in 2003, toluene was
found to have been illegally combined with petrol in fuel outlets for sale as
standard vehicular fuel. Toluene incurs no fuel excise tax, while other fuels
are taxed at more than 40%, providing a greater profit margin for fuel
suppliers. The extent of toluene substitution has not been determined.
Toluene is one of a group of fuels that have
recently included in jet fuel surrogate blends.[24] Toluene is used as a jet fuel surrogate for its content of aromatic compounds.
Niche applications
In the laboratory, toluene is used as a solvent for
carbon nanomaterials, including nanotubes and fullerenes, and it can also be
used as a fullerene indicator. The color
of the toluene solution of C60 is
bright purple. Toluene is used as a cement for fine polystyrene kits (by dissolving and
then fusing surfaces) as it can be applied very precisely by brush and contains
none of the bulk of an adhesive. Toluene can be used to break open red blood cells in order to extract hemoglobin in biochemistry
experiments. Toluene has also been used as a coolant for its good heat transfer
capabilities in sodium cold traps used in nuclear reactor system loops. Toluene
had also been used in the process of removing the cocaine from coca leaves in
the production of Coca-Cola syrup.
Packaging
1, 6×1, 2, 4×2 L in
Sure/Seal™
18 L in Pure-Pac™ 1
20 L in Pure-Pac™ 2
200 L in Kilo-Lab™
200 L in Pure-Pac™ 1
56 L in Pure-Pac™ 1
100, 12×100 mL in
Sure/Seal™
400 L in Kilo-Lab™
PRICE
$140.95/KG OR $64.06/IB
For more information:
mobile: +2348039721941
contact person: emeaba uche
e-mail: emeabau@yahoo.com
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