LITHIUM FLUORIDE[LiF]

·         CAS Number 7789-24-4

·         Linear Formula LiF

·         Molecular Weight 25.94

·          EC Number 232-152-0

·          MDL number MFCD00011090

·          PubChem Substance ID 24868518

Lithium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiF. It is a colorless solid, that transitions to white with decreasing crystal size.

Detailed description

 Although odorless, lithium fluoride has a bitter-saline taste. Its structure is analogous to that of sodium chloride, but it is much less soluble in water. It is mainly used as a component of molten salts.^[2] Formation of LiF releases one of the highest energy per mass of reactants, only second to that of BeO.

Applications

In molten salts

Fluorine is produced by the electrolysis of molten potassium bifluoride. This electrolysis proceeds more efficiently when the electrolyte contains a few percent of LiF, possibly because it facilitates formation of Li-C-F interface on the carbon electrodes.^[2] A useful molten salt, FLiNaK, consists of a mixture of LiF, together with sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride. The primary coolant for the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment was FLiBe; LiF-BeF₂ (66-33 mol%).

Optics

Because of the large band gap for LiF, its crystals are transparent to short wavelength ultraviolet radiation, more so than any other material. LiF is therefore used in specialized UV optics,^[3] (See also magnesium fluoride). Lithium fluoride is used also as a diffracting crystal in X-ray spectrometry.

Radiation detectors

It is also used as a means to record ionizing radiation exposure from gamma rays, beta particles, and neutrons (indirectly, using the 6
3Li
 (n,alpha) nuclear reaction) in thermoluminescent dosimeters.

Nuclear reactors

Lithium fluoride (highly enriched in the common isotope lithium-7) forms the basic constituent of the preferred fluoride salt mixture used in liquid-fluoride nuclear reactors. Typically lithium fluoride is mixed with beryllium fluoride to form a base solvent (FLiBe), into which fluorides of uranium and thorium are introduced. Lithium fluoride is exceptionally chemically stable and LiF/BeF₂ mixtures (FLiBe) have low melting points (360 C - 459 C) and the best neutronic properties of fluoride salt combinations appropriate for reactor use. MSRE used two different mixtures in the two cooling circuits.

Cathode for PLED and OLEDs

Lithium fluoride is widely used in PLED and OLED as a coupling layer to enhance electron injection. The thickness of LiF layer is usually around 1 nm. The dielectric constant (or relative permittivity) of LiF is 9.0^[4]

Natural occurrence

Naturally occurring lithium fluoride is known as the mineral griceite. It is extremely rare.

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